OP-Unite Solutions Ltd - YVO4 Crystal, Neodymium Doped Yttrium Orthovanadate Crystal

<%@LANGUAGE="VBSCRIPT" CODEPAGE="936"%> OP-Unite Solutions Ltd - YVO4 Crystal, Neodymium Doped Yttrium Orthovanadate Crystal

Nd:YVO₄ Crystal

Nd:YVO₄ Crystal (Neodymium Doped Yttrium Orthovanadate Crystal) is an excellent crystal for high power, stable and cost-effective diode pumped solid-state lasers. Because ofits high gain, low threshold, and high absorption coefficients at pumping wavelengths, it becomes one of the most efficient laser host crystal currently existing for diode laser-pumped solid-state lasers.

With advanced technology in growing and manufacturing of high quality Nd:YVO₄ crystals, OP-Unite now can supply a wide variety of finished crystals. Our standard Nd:YVO₄ production are as follows.

1. Physical Properties

Atomic Density	~ 1.37x10²⁰ atoms/cm²
Crystal Structure	Zircon Tetragonal, space group D_4h, a=b=7.118, c=6.293
Density	4.22 g/cm³
Mohs Hardness	Glass-like, 4.6 ~ 5
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	α_a=4.43x10^-6/K, α_c=11.37x10^-6/K
Thermal Conductivity Coefficient	\|\| C: 5.23 W/m/K; ⊥C: 5.10 W/m/K
Melting Point	1810 ± 25°C

2. Optical Properties (typically for 1.1 atm% Nd:YVO₄ , a-cut crystals)

Lasing Wavelengths	914nm, 1064 nm, 1342 nm
Refractive indexes	positive uniaxial, n_o=n_a=n_b, n_e=n_c n_o=1.9573, n_e=2.1652, @ 1064nm n_o=1.9721, n_e=2.1858, @ 808nm n_o=2.0210, n_e=2.2560, @ 532nm
Sellmeier Equation (for pure YVO₄ crystals)	n_o² (λ) =3.77834+0.069736/(λ² - 0.04724) - 0.0108133λ² n_o² (λ)=4.59905+0.110534/(λ² - 0.04813) - 0.0122676λ²
Thermal Optical Coefficient	dn_a/dT=8.5x10^-6/K, dn_c/dT=3.0x10^-6/K
Stimulated Emission Cross-Section	25.0x10^-19 cm², @1064 nm
Fluorescent Lifetime	90 μs (about 50 μs for 2 atm% Nd doped) @ 808 nm
Absorption Coefficient	31.4 cm^-1 @ 808 nm
Absorption Length	0.32 mm @ 808 nm
Intrinsic Loss	Less 0.1% cm^-1, @1064 nm
Gain Bandwidth	0.96 nm (257 GHz) @ 1064 nm
Polarized Laser Emission	π polarization; parallel to optic axis (c-axis)
Diode Pumped Optical to Optical Efficiency	> 60%

3. Absorption Curves of Different Doping Nd:YVO₄

Nd:YVO₄ shows high absorption coefficients at pumping wavelengths. So, a crystal short-in-length (e.g. 1mm) is preferred, and more compact lasers can be constructed by using Nd:YVO₄ than using Nd:YAG. Furthermore, it has a wide and smoothly-varied bandwidth of absorption, so that it allows of less stringent requirements of diode laser selection and wavelength control as compared with Nd:YAG. Different doping levels Nd:YVO₄ are shown showed as follow


Absorption Curve of 0.5% doping YVO₄ (Thickness: 1 mm)	Absorption Curve of 3% doping YVO₄ (Thickness: 1 mm)

4. Fluorescence Spectra Curve

Normalized fluorescence spectra from 800 nm to 1600 nm of Nd 1.1 at. % doped Nd:YVO₄ for π polarization (a) and for σ porlarization (b).

5. Standard Specifications of OP-Unite's Nd:YVO₄ crystals:

Nd: Dopant Level	0.1 - 3.0 atm%
Standard Dimensions	3x3x3 mm³, 3x3x1 mm³, 3x3x0.5 mm³
Wavefront Distortion	< λ/8 at 633 nm
Scattering Sites	invisible, probed with a He-Ne laser
Orientation	±0.5°
Dimensional Tolerance	±0.1 mm
End-faces Configuration	Plano/Plano
Surface quality	10/5 Scratch/Dig per MIL-O-13830B
Flatness	λ/10 at 633 nm
Clear Aperture	> Central 90%
Parallelism	< 10 arc sec.
Intrinsic Loss	< 0.1% cm^-1

Note: Other specifications of Nd:YVO4 crystals and coatings are available upon your request.